The ash produced during a volcanic eruption can cover the entire landscape for miles around a volcano and may affect neighbouring islands. Close to the volcano, accumulated ash can be thick enough to collapse buildings.

Ash fall is a major issue for cattle since it destroys vegetation and animals breathe it continuously while grazing. Aircrafts, ships and car engines can also malfunction when exposed to ash. If inhaled, the smallest pieces of ash may cause respiratory problems, a hazard which persists long after the eruption itself has ended.

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